Leadership

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Right Fit Leading: More LMX Theory

I continue to talk with leaders about LMX Theory and the benefits that can be gained through its use. Leaders can find continued success through great relationships based on understanding the desires of their members. The theory focuses on freedom for in-group members who tend to be more talented or high performers, and close supervision of out-group members who need development. Whether the focus is on the in-group or the out-group, the leader develops trustworthiness, improves performance, and exhibits and commands accountability leading to strong relationships throughout the team. The necessary relationships are created through regular communication that allows the leader to understand who their members are on and off the job. I remember I had a great supervisor who started each day with “What brings you to work today?” This really demonstrated that he was interested in what mattered to me. This kind of communication creates shared understanding that is so valuable in effective organizations. If these thoughts could help your organization, please share the details.

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Right Fit Leading: COVID and Telework, Conclusion

In Part 5, information about leadership development showed ways to determine and/or strengthening leadership style. A trusting connection with clear roles and responsibilities can assist with maintaining a quality work environment. My research addresses understanding of and solutions to teleworking, trustworthiness, and performance issues. Overall, it suggests using a strategic approach that encourages participation and that is required to achieve, understand, and build buy-in for teleworking. I recommend an organizationally sanctioned program that uses leader-manager exchange (LMX) theory to address the factors that contribute to motivating the target audience, the employee. A culture of self-motivation is necessary to empower employees, but there must also be a culture of enforcement when needed. Finally, buy-in at all levels of the organization is crucial to the success of any telework program. My work is focused on refining a strategic approach using important elements: how the organization develops its leaders, motivates employees, and increases productivity; how organizations use EI principles, managing radical change, and learning from available research. These factors can be used to deliver outstanding results. NOTES: I offer this series to help leaders and members reinforce what we know, discover what we do not know, and identify what we should ask questions about. The results are intended to assist everyone to deal with positive and negative aspects of telework. This is part of my educational journey that I hope has provided you with some valuable information.

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Right Fit Leading: COVID and Telework, Part 5

In Part 4, we highlighted performance the need to evaluate key requirements of its value in everyday conversation. We discussed the challenge of using performance to lead to the mitigation strategies and shared understanding that are vital to improving performance. Now, let’s turn to leadership development, which is important to determining and/or strengthening leadership style. Development continues when there is a trusting connection, when there are clear roles and responsibilities, and when a quality environment is maintained. Leaders must engage with their staffs and all parties need to see this engagement the same way to be effective. Recent research in this area revealed, in one case, that there can be a disconnect when employees, CEOs, and human resources professionals are asked the same questions about how people view their organization. One study showed that top-level leaders were overly optimistic about the frequency with which their employees were being recognized for their contributions. Human resources professionals, however, were pessimistic about frequent recognition, and employees seemed to be divided about how often it happened. Team qualities are listed in countless book and articles on leadership, management, and self-improvement. A leader’s focus should be on engagement, the setting of leader and manager roles, and on developing members. NOTES: I offer this series to help leaders and members reinforce what we know, discover what we do not know, and identify what we should ask questions about. The results are intended to assist everyone to deal with positive and negative aspects of telework. This series is my educational journey that I hope is valuable to you.

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Right Fit Leading: COVID and Telework, Part 3

In Part 2, the discussion focused on using best practices in standards and team building and following LMX theory. This relationship-based approach is useful because collaborative interactions and adjustments to new or distributed operations are happening in the workplace every day. Companies are trying to determine what “back to work” should look like, and workers are trying to take advantage of the positive work life changes they found in COVID. As the workplace changes, it is important to pay attention to trustworthiness and performance as they relate to telework. Trustworthiness is the quality of a person, or a thing, that inspires reliability. When it exists, behaviors like being respectful, honest, consistent, positive, and selfless will be evident. Success will require managers who can admit mistakes, acknowledge weakness, applaud strength, and help each other, and who can promote those qualities in employees. This will build mutual trust, which is important because everyone has a lot at stake based on risks inherent in trusting another person. Those risks are about putting one’s faith or a pending decision in the hands of someone in whom you have not yet developed confidence, or in whom there are limits to that confidence. Managers who follow telework policies developed in response to COVID-19 are building trust. Trust can then grow as emotions are shared and real issues are addressed professionally. NOTES: I offer this series to help leaders and members reinforce what we know, discover what we do not know, and identify what we should ask questions about. The results are intended to assist everyone to deal with positive and negative aspects of telework. This series is my educational journey that I hope is valuable to you.

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Right Fit Leading: Trust, Train, and Communicate

I just read a telework article about how bosses don’t trust workers. Despite current statistics that say otherwise, the article said that most bosses think that workers are not as driven or committed as the office staff. COVID has shown instances where the driven workers are just as driven when they work from home; maybe more so. Leaders have the responsibility to trust, train, and communicate with their employees whether they are onsite or not. But to generalize people into driven and non-driven buckets is not fair. Everyone has some of both in them. The key to true leadership is partnering with people to show them how to be driven more often and to be lethargic less often. This has truly little to do with where they sit when they are in either condition. I argue that people can be driven while working from home. They do not have to come to the office to be high achievers. For instance, an article by an Upwork chief economist is useful in assessing the future of telework (Ozimek, 2020). The author analyzed what we already know; there was a forced movement to remote work generated by COVID-19. The study investigated the current state of remote work and drew conclusions about the long-term impacts. Upwork looked at a combined 1,500 hiring managers to get answers. Executives, vice presidents, and managers shared their views and plans that guided their remote work decisions. “One third of hiring managers found that productivity had increased as a result of remote work, a greater share than found productivity decreased (Ozimek, 2020, p. 2).” Finally, the Upwork study signals opportunity to convince more leaders to accept and support remote work. Upwork’s survey demonstrated that remote work had gone better than expected as reported by 56% of hiring managers. Only one in 10 reported remote work had gone worse than expected. It is interesting to note that the Upwork study demonstrates that despite many responses about why remote work worked poorly, there is optimism that productivity has increased and will continue to do so. Some of the problems reported in the survey were technological issues (36.2%), increased distractions at home (32.0%), reduced team cohesion (30.5%), difficulties in communication (30.3%), teams are less organized (23.3%), and less productivity (22.5%). Only 14.8% of respondents reported no issues. However, 32.2% of hiring managers reported an increase in productivity as opposed to only 22.5% who reported a decrease. The author states, “That one third finds remote work increases productivity, despite the rapid pace of change and struggles with technology, is a very optimistic result for future adoption and future productivity (Ozimek, 2020, p. 5).” The other thing I noticed while reading the telework article the other day is that one person who commented said that most people don’t work hard or have initiative. His comments also included that physical oversight is needed to get most people motivated when the boss can’t see them. While I disagree with this point of view, the person made one statement with which I concur. A tangible deliverable is needed to get results. My point is that people can do equally well meeting that tangible deliverable whether they are at home or at work, and whether they are in sight or out of sight of the boss. I can stall you just at well while you’re watching me as I can while you’re not. These are issues of trust and control. How much trust is present and how much control is exerted. A good working relationship can have trust between supervisors and employees, and tangible deliverables and accountability can mitigate or alleviate control issues. Leaders who think their employees don’t work hard or have initiative should look in the mirror and assess their leadership approach. Remember, you hired them and they are your responsibility to train, communicate with, and nurture. Ozimek, A. (2020). The future of remote work. Available at SSRN 3638597. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3638597

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Right Fit Leading: See It from Their Seat

We see so many stories about getting away from bad bosses or choosing to be happy when things do not go well at work. These are certainly coping mechanisms; however, they put all the responsibility, and sometimes the blame, on the employee. This is because they are often the only ones in a bad situation who are REQUIRED to change. I am sure you heard something like, “the leader has the deciding vote.” While true, it can often make a bad situation worse. So, I urge leaders to grade themselves every day using the eyes and viewpoint of their workforce. See what you are doing from their seat. If you cannot see it, ask them. Nevertheless, be prepared because you may not like what you hear. The interesting thing is that even if you do not ask them, they are telling you what is right and wrong if you will only listen. When you grade yourself, ask the tough questions: Did I tell them their work is important? Did I clearly explain why I was not satisfied with the outcome? Did I make the review about the task or about the person? Did I consider both? Did I treat the person the way I want to be treated? Did I give them a chance to give their side of the story? Did I give them a chance to use their expertise? Was I clear about what I wanted at the beginning? Asking these questions on a daily basis, or at least each time a major task is completed, can deliver two valuable things to your leadership journey. First, they will give a voice to those you lead. Second, they will remind you about what is important. I have two personal philosophies that guide my daily efforts whether I am leading, following, or collaborating. Expectation, Value, and Return (EVR): I developed the concept to generate a greater focus in social media activities. Today, I know it is so much more. EVR is working together to deliver on an expectation of shared value and a worthy return on each participant’s investment of time and attention. Dedication, Detail, Discipline (3D): My coaching philosophy is useful every day and for any leadership situation. In this approach, your team agrees to commit to be dedicated, focus on vital details, and honor discipline in all things. Leaders can, initially, focus in on the first “D” and dedicate efforts to great relationships with employees. Standing by to discuss with you at your convenience.

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Right Fit Leading: Shared Understanding is Key to Leadership

I continue to evaluate the results of a survey I conducted with Denise Siegfeldt, my boss at Florida Institute of Technology where I teach online classes. Beyond the evaluation of telework, trustworthiness, and performance, there are leadership lessons to be gained. For instance, shared understanding that leads to trust is important for leaders to influence members of their team. Without shared understanding, organizations can suffer from trust issues at all levels. In the March survey, presidents/CEOs (67%), upper managers (80%), and mid-level managers (75%) believed there is daily telework accountability, but the level of belief is different for those who are subordinate to them. Just 55% and 29% of supervisors and employees, respectively, shared that belief. This data requires more analysis, but at the simplest level suggests organizational challenges in terms of shared understanding. The need for shared understanding is clear. One way to achieve it is to focus on rules-based trust, where leaders and members accept and adhere to a system of rules that establish the standards of appropriate behavior. This type of trust helps everyone commit to the same standards and appropriate behavior throughout the organization. Does your organization have a solid set of rules that motivate behavior that is conducive to organizational success?

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Telework, Trust, and Performance Survey Initial Analysis

Thank you to everyone who participated in our survey. There is a lot of great information in the data we have collected. The initial data analysis is very interesting. For instance, Presidents/CEOs (67%), upper managers (80%), and mid-level managers (75%) believe there is daily telework accountability, but the levels of belief are different for those who are subordinate to them. Just 55% and 29% of supervisors and employees, respectively, share that belief. This may suggest challenges to the organization in terms of shared understanding. The initial analysis also seems to suggest the importance of a structured telework plan. Survey participants shared many issues related to effective telework situations, suggesting the need for a structured approach by organizations and leaders. The issues included changes in childcare needs, reduced internet or technical capabilities that are often left to the employee to solve, time management, length of workday, and lack of connection to other members of the team. The respondents also discussed employee-centered concerns like work life balance, space constraints, lack of a quiet space to work, distractions, self-motivation, childcare issues, lack of belonging, lack of an end time for the workday, and difficult communications. Looking forward to the in-depth analysis that will follow.

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Right Fit Leading: Leader-member exchange is key

LMX theory can help in creating effective relationships with your team. LMX is leader-member exchange and it tells us that even in a team situation, leaders who master individual relationships build trust and support. LMX theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership with a central concept focusing on the processes that occur when leaders and followers benefit from mature relationships or partnerships, generating incremental influence for the leader (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995, p. 225). The relationship should be based on at least two fundamental things: treating people like people and setting specific expectations. Treating people like people requires that the leader keep the employee’s personal goals and dignity in mind. Setting specific expectations empowers people for success. Once you have done that, simply hold people accountable. In this way you give them freedom to work the activities they are charged with. Relationships based on proper treatment and shared understanding of expectations give the leader a structured way to provide support when there are issues. It also gives the leader chances to offer praise and encouragement when employees are doing the right things right. Accountability is not easy, but it can work with shared commitment to the mission. Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5 NOTE: Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

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3D COACHING: They Are Always Watching

Months ago, a friend asked me how I came up with my 3D philosophy of dedication, detail, and discipline. She wanted to use it for the new team she was coaching and wondered how I came up with this approach for the players. My answer was that as much as I formalized it to help young athletes, I needed it to make ME better at coaching and leading. My goal is to always dedicate to lead, to manage the details of the task at hand, and to discipline myself to do what needs to be done when it needs to be done. This is the only way I can nurture the ability in myself to deliver those skills and abilities to others. Most athletes, most people, want a leader or leaders they can learn from and lean on. As I pondered these thoughts the other day, I was watching some sports highlights on YouTube. I started with Michael Jordan highlights, then watched great plays from college football, and then tuned to highlight films of potential scholarship players in basketball and football. I clicked the wrong link and I got something like “coaches gone wrong (not the real title).” This was a collection of videos where coaches lost their cool and composure in the heat of the competition. One coach threw a chair onto the basketball court to protest a call AFTER he was restrained from throwing a chair to protest a call. One coach berated an official giving a game ejection after her player’s unsportsmanlike conduct injured a player from the other team. The worst I saw was a recreation league coach hitting a player who he blamed for the team’s poor performance. These are all horrible events and I do not have to tell you that I did not watch much of those videos. But what little I did watch reminded me that the players are always WATCHING the coach. We coaches need to make sure that what they see is professional, appropriate, adult behavior. I believe most players are connected and committed to their coach and they want to please her or him. When a coach acts out and forgets how to behave in a sportsmanlike manner, the players are WATCHING. I remember a year when I watched a coach on the sidelines berating the official for several minutes before one of his players started berating the official. Please do not think I am saying I am perfect. I remember coaching a recreation league game many years ago and I thought the calls were horrible. Just as I started to throw my hat on the field in anger, I happened to make eye contact with a player. He was WATCHING. He stared straight in my eyes. Fortunately, I did not throw the hat and I swallowed whatever words I was going to say. It helped me to keep my wits about me. That lesson is with me every day. I know coaches sometimes want a penalty to possibly get their team going, but even that can be done with style and respect. I have seen coaches in various sports do this, but the good ones know how to do it without disrespecting the official. For instance, if I am coaching a football game and I want what I refer to as an “energy” penalty called, I just walk too far out on the field during play and I do not heed the official’s warning to get back. I get the penalty, I say it is not fair, and the players get new energy. That is how I do it. The point is that whatever coaches do, their players are WATCHING. They look up to you. Always do the right thing: dedication, detail, DISCIPLINE!

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